Proteins are made of 20 Amino Acids, which have very different properties. The charge (negative, neutral or negative) often depends on the PH environment.

Amino Acid	3	1	Chemical Type	Hydrophobicity
Alanine	Ala	A	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Arginine	Arg	R	basic	Hydrophilic
Asparagine	Asn	N	neutral, polar	Hydrophilic
Aspartic acid	Asp	D	acidic	Hydrophilic
Cysteine	Cys	C	neutral, polar	Hydrophilic
Glutamic acid	Glu	E	acidic	Hydrophilic
Glutamine	Gln	Q	neutral, polar	Hydrophilic
Glycine	Gly	G	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Histidine	His	H	basic	Hydrophilic
Isoleucine	Ile	I	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Leucine	Leu	L	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Lysine	Lys	K	basic	Hydrophilic
Methionine	Met	M		Hydrophobic	formylmethionine fMet (Start)
Phenylalanine	Phe	F	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Proline	Pro	P	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Serine	Ser	S	neutral, polar	Hydrophilic
Threonine	Thr	T	neutral, polar	Hydrophilic
Tryptophan	Trp	W	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic
Tyrosine	Tyr	Y	neutral, polar	Hydrophilic
Valine	Val	V	neutral, nonpolar	Hydrophobic

http://www.med.unibs.it/~marchesi/aacids.html

http://www.mcb.ucdavis.edu/courses/bis102/AAProp.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_codon_table
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code#RNA_codon_table